Anumana (Syllogism)

Anumana, or inference, is a critical component of the Nyaya philosophy. It involves drawing conclusions based on logic, reasoning, and evidence. By utilizing Anumana, Nyaya scholars aim to establish a valid and sound argument, leading to a deeper understanding of truth and reality within the Nyaya Darsana.

Abhava

In Nyaya philosophy, the Abhava sub-section of the Padartha section explores the concept of non-existence or absence. It examines how the absence of an object can be known or perceived and how it relates to the other categories of reality. This sub-section plays a crucial role in understanding the nature of existence and reality in Nyaya Darsana.

Samavaya

Samavaya, the fourth sub-section of the Padartha section in Nyaya Darsana, discusses the concept of inherence or inseparable connection between things. It explores the relationship between substances and their qualities, arguing that they are necessarily connected and cannot exist independently of each other. This concept plays a crucial role in understanding the nature of reality according to Nyaya philosophy.

Vishesha

In the Nyaya Darsana, the “Vishesha” sub-section of the Padartha section focuses on the concept of particularity. It explores how individual entities possess unique characteristics that distinguish them from others, ultimately aiding in understanding the diversity and specificity of objects in the material world.