In Nyaya philosophy, the Abhava sub-section of the Padartha section explores the concept of non-existence or absence. It examines how the absence of an object can be known or perceived and how it relates to the other categories of reality. This sub-section plays a crucial role in understanding the nature of existence and reality in Nyaya Darsana.
Samavaya, the fourth sub-section of the Padartha section in Nyaya Darsana, discusses the concept of inherence or inseparable connection between things. It explores the relationship between substances and their qualities, arguing that they are necessarily connected and cannot exist independently of each other. This concept plays a crucial role in understanding the nature of reality according to Nyaya philosophy.
In the Nyaya Darsana, the “Vishesha” sub-section of the Padartha section focuses on the concept of particularity. It explores how individual entities possess unique characteristics that distinguish them from others, ultimately aiding in understanding the diversity and specificity of objects in the material world.
The Samanya sub-section of the Padartha section in Nyaya Darsana focuses on the concept of universals or generalities. It examines how the universal concepts are perceived and understood by individuals, shedding light on the relationship between the specific and the general in the realm of knowledge and perception.